Prescribed Topic 3: Move to Global War

Helpful Resources

• Primary - German-Russian Agreement; April 16, 1922 (Treaty of Rapallo), The Avalon Project

• Primary - Hossbach Memorandum, BERLIN, November 10, 1937. Minutes of a Conference in the Reich Chancellery, Berlin, November 5, 1937, FROM 4:15 to 8:30 P.M. Documents on Germany Foreign Policy 1918-1945 Series D Volume 1 From Neurath to Ribbentrop (September 1937 - September 1938) Washington, United States Government Printing Office, 1949.

• Primary - Ciano, Galeazzo, The Ciano Diaries 1939-1943: The Complete, Unabridged Diaries of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1936-1943, Fonthill Media, 2015

• Primary - Corvaja, Santi, Hitler & Mussolini : the Secret Meetings, Enigma Books, 2012

• Primary - Sontag, Raymond James & Beddie, James Stuart (eds) NAZI-SOVIET RELATIONS, 1939-1941: Documents from the Archives of the German Foreign Office

• Primary - F.j. Berber, F.J. (ed), Locarno A Collection Of Documents, William Hodge & Company Ltd, 1936

• General

  • Kallis, Aristotle, Fascist Ideology: Territory and Expansionism in Italy and Germany, 1922-1945, Routledge, 2000

  • Youtube - How the Hinge Years led to the Second World War, Timeline

• Germany

  • Enssle, Manfred, Stresemann's Diplomacy Fifty Years after Locarno: Some Recent Perspectives The Historical Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4 (Dec., 1977), pp. 937-948 

  • Fink, Carole, The Genoa Conference: European Diplomacy, 1921–1922, University of North Carolina Press, 1984

  • Fink, Carole, Frohn, Axel, Heideking, Jürgen, Genoa, Rapallo, and European Reconstruction in 1922, Cambridge University Press, 2015

  • Hiden, John, The Baltic States and Weimar Ostpolitik, 2002

  • Hiden, John, Republican and Fascist Germany: Themes and Variations in the History of Weimar and the Third Reich, 1918-1945, Routledge, 2020

  • Jacobson, Jon, Locarno Diplomacy: Germany and the West, 1925-1929, Princeton University Press, 2015

  • Kershaw, Ian, Hitler 1936-1945: Nemesis, Penguin Books, Limited (UK), 2001

  • McElligott, Anthony, Rethinking the Weimar Republic: Authority and Authoritarianism, 1916-1936, Bloomsbury Academic, 2013

  • Peukert, Detlev, The Weimar Republic: The Crisis of Classical Modernity, Hill and Wang, 1993

  • Pohl, Karl Heinrich, Gustav Stresemann: The Crossover Artist, Berghahn Books, 2019

  • Shore, Zachary, What Hitler Knew. The Battle for Information in Nazi Foreign Policy, Oxford University Press, 2003

  • Wright, Jonathan, Stresemann and Locarno, Contemporary European History, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Jul., 1995), pp. 109-131

  • Wright, Jonathan, Gustav Stresemann: Weimar's Greatest Statesman, Oxford University Press, USA, 2002

  • Youtube - Road to War - Germany

• Italy

  • Azzi, Stephen Corrado. “The Historiography of Fascist Foreign Policy.” The Historical Journal 36, no. 1 (1993): 187–203.

  • Bosworth, Richard J.B., Mussolini, 2010

  • Bosworth, Richard J.B., Mussolini and the Eclipse of Italian Fascism: From Dictatorship to Populism, Yale University Press, 2021

  • Boyce, Robert, Robertson, Esmonde,(eds.) Paths to War: New Essays on the Origins of the Second World War, Macmillan Education UK, 1989

  • Burgwyn, James, Italian Foreign Policy in the Interwar Period: 1918-1940, Praeger, 1997

  • Cassels, Alan, Mussolini's Early Diplomacy, Princeton University Press, 1970

  • Churchill, Winston S. "Sanctions Against Italy: 1935."  & "Hitler Strikes: 1936" The Second World War: The Gathering Storm. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1948. 

  • Coco, Orazio, Sino-Italian Political and Economic Relations, Routledge, 2023

  • Corrado Azzi, Stephen The Historiography of Fascist Foreign Policy, The Historical Journal , Mar., 1993, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Mar., 1993), pp. 187-203

  • Coverdale, John, Italian Intervention In The Spanish Civil War, Princeton University Press, 1975

  • De Felice, Renzo & Everett, Brenda, Interpretations of Fascism, Harvard University Press, 1977

  • Farrell, Nicholas, Mussolini: A New Life. London: Phoenix Press, 2003

  • Goeschel, Christian, Biography, political leadership, and foreign policy reconsidered, European Review of International Studies , Vol. 4, No. 2+3 (2017), pp. 5-19

  • Gooch, John, Mussolini and His Generals: The Armed Forces and Fascist Foreign Policy, 1922-1940, Cambridge University Press, 2007

  • Gooch, John, Mussolini's War: Fascist Italy from Triumph to Collapse, 1935-1943, Pegasus Books, 2020

  • Hibbert, Christopher. Il Duce, Little, Brown & Company, Year: 1962

  • Kirkpatrick, Ivone, Mussolini: A Study in Power, Hawthorn Books, Inc., 1964 

  • Knox, MacGregor, Common Destiny: Dictatorship, Foreign Policy, and War in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, Cambridge University Press, 2000

  • Moseley, Ray, Mussolini's Shadow: The Double Life of Count Galeazzo Ciano, Yale University Press, 2000

  • Moseley, Ray, Mussolini: The Last 600 Days Of Il Duce, Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004

  • Robertson, Esmonde,  Mussolini as Empire-Builder: Europe and Africa, 1932-1936, Macmillan Education UK, 1977

  • Salvemini, Gaetano , Prelude to World War II, Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1954

  • Smith, Denis Mack , Mussolini: A Biography, Borzoi, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1982

  • Strang, Bruce, (diss) "In Dubious Battle: Mussolini's Mentalite and Italian Foreign Policy, 1936-1939" McMaster University, 2000

  • Youtube - Road to War - Italy

Helpful Resources

• Primary - German occupation of the Rhineland: What should Britain do about it?The National Archives

• Primary - The Munich Agreement Documents, The Avalon Project

• Primary - "The British Parliamentary Debate on the Munich Agreement," From Parliamentary Debates, 5th series, vol.339 (1938), cols 30, 31-34, 39, 40, 47-52, 54, 56-58, 62-63, 150-154, 162, 360-369, 373, 548-553.

• Primary - The French Yellow Book (Primary sources from France 1936-39) The Avalon Project

• Primary - Nazi-Soviet Relations (Primary Sources from 1939-41) The Avalon Project

• Primary - Documents on German foreign policy, 1918-1945, from the archives of the German Foreign Ministry. Series D (1937-1945). Volume IV - The aftermath of Munich October 1938-March 1939. (1951)

• Primary - Wallace, William V. “New Documents on the History of Munich: A Selection from the Soviet and Czechoslovak Archives.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-) 35, no. 4 (1959): 447–54

• Primary - Berber, F.J. (ed), Locarno A Collection Of Documents, William Hodge & Company Ltd, 1936

• General

  • Boyce, Robert, & Joseph A. Maiolo (eds.) The Origins of World War Two: The Debate Continues, Macmillan Education UK, 2003

  • Boyce, Robert, The Great Interwar Crisis and the Collapse of Globalization, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009

  • Cienciala, Anna, Poland and the Western Powers 1938-1939: A Study in the Interdependence of Eastern and Western Europe, University of Toronto Press, 1968

  • Gordon A. Craig & Felix Gilbert (ed.). The Diplomats 1919-1939. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2021

  • Gottlieb, Julie, Hucker, Daniel; Toye, Richard (editors), The Munich Crisis, Politics and the People: International, Transnational and Comparative Perspectives, Manchester University Press, 2021

  • Henig, Ruth, The Origins of the Second World War 1933-1941, Routledge, 2005 

  • Howard, Michael, A Thirty Years' War? The Two World Wars in Historical Perspective: The Prothero Lecture, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 3 (1993), pp. 171-184

  • Martel, Gordon, (ed) The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered, Routledge, 1999

  • Overy, Richard, The Road to War: Revised Edition, Penguin, 2000

  • Overy, Richard, 1939: Countdown to War, Viking, 2010

  • Overy, Richard, The Origins of the Second World War, Routledge;Taylor and Francis, 2014

  • Steiner, Zara, The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919-1933, Clarendon Press, 2005

  • Steiner, Zara, The Triumph of the Dark: European International History, 1933-1939, Oxford University Press, 2011 

  • Taylor, A. J. P., The origins of the Second World War, New York : Atheneum, 1983

  • Wasserstein, Bernard, "Chapter 7 Spiral into War 1936–1939" in Western Civilization : A History of Europe in our Time, Oxford University Press, 2007. 

  • Watt, Donald C., "The European Civil War", in The Fascist challenge and the policy of appeasement edited by Mommsen W. J & Kettenacker, L, London: Allen & Unwin, 1993

  • Watt, Donald Cameron, How War Came: The Immediate Origins of the Second World War, 1938-1939, Pantheon Books, 1990 

• Britain

  • Aster , Sidney Appeasement: Before and After Revisionism, Diplomacyand Statecraft, 2008 19:3, 443-480 

  • Boyce, Robert, British Capitalism at the Crossroads, 1919-1932: A Study in Politics, Economics, and International Relations,  Cambridge University Press, 2009

  • Charmley, John, "Dealing with Hitler" in  Chamberlain and the lost peace, Hodder and Stoughton, 1989 pp. 105-117,224-225

  • Dockrill, Michael, British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936–40, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999

  • Finney, Patrick, The Romance of Decline: The Historiography of Appeasement and British National Identity, Electronic Journal of International History - Article 1, 1998

  • Foot, Michael, Howard, Peter, Owen, Frank, Guilty Men, London, paperback ed., 1998

  • Gilbert, Martin, The Roots of Appeasement, Rosetta Books, 2015

  • Gooch, John, The Prospect of War: Studies in British Defence Policy, 1847-1942, Psychology Press

  • Hudson, G. F., A review of The Origins of the Second World War, by A. J. P. Taylor, FEBRUARY 1962 HISTORY

  • Kennedy, Paul, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, 1989

  • Latynski, Maya, Reappraising the Munich Pact: Continental Perspectives, (Washington, D.C., 1992),

  • McLoughlin, Kate. “Voices of the Munich Pact.” Critical Inquiry 34, no. 3 (2008): 543–62

  • Steiner, Zara, "7 British decisions for peace and war 1938–1939: the rise and fall of realism" in History and Neorealism, edited by Ernest R. May, et al., Cambridge University Press, 2010.

• France

  • Adamthwaite, Anthony, Grandeur And Misery: France's Bid for Power in Europe, 1914-1940, Bloomsbury Academic, 1995

  • Adamthwaite, Anthony, France and the Coming of the Second World War, 1936-1939, Routledge, 2021

  • Blatt, Joel, The French Defeat Of 1940 : Reassessments, Berghahn Books, Incorporated, 1997

  • Boyce, Robert, French Foreign and Defence Policy, 1918-1940: The Decline and Fall of a Great Power, Routledge Studies in Modern European History, 1996

  • Duroselle, Jean-Baptiste, France and the Nazi Threat: The Collapse of French Diplomacy 1932-1939, Enigma Books, 2004

  • Haight, John McVickar. “France, the United States, and the Munich Crisis.” The Journal of Modern History 32, no. 4 (1960): 340–58.

  • Hucker, Daniel, Public Opinion and the End of Appeasement in Britain and France, Routledge, 2011

  • May, Ernest, Strange Victory: Hitler’s Conquest of France, I.B.Tauris, 2000

  • Stafford, P. R. “The French Government and the Danzig Crisis: The Italian Dimension.” The International History Review 6, no. 1 (1984): 48–87. 

• Soviet Union

  • Filitov, Aleksey, The Munich Agreement: Historical Reality and Contemporary Assessments, Boris Yeltsin Presidental Library, 2022

  • Hiden, John & Lane, Thomas, The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second World War, 1992

  • Jacobson, Jon, When the Soviet Union Entered World Politics, University of California Press, 2020

  • Kotkin, Stephen, Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941, Penguin Press, 2017

  • Lukes, Igor, Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler: The Diplomacy of Edvard Beneš in the 1930s, Oxford University Press, 1996 

  • Ragsdale, Hugh, The Soviets, the Munich Crisis, and the Coming of World War II, Cambridge University Press, 2004 

  • Roberts, Geoffrey, The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War: Russo-German Relations and the Road to War, 1933–1941,  Macmillan Education UK, 1995

• USA

  • Farnham, Barbara Reardon, Roosevelt and the Munich Crisis: A Study of Political Decision-Making, Princeton University Press, 2021

  • Kaiser, David, No End Save Victory : How FDR Led the Nation into War, Basic Books, 2015